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Breast Milk Fatty Acid Shapes Immune Development in Mice

Breast Milk Fatty Acid Shapes Immune Development in Mice

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In a new study published in Science titled, “Maternal trans-vaccenic acid shapes neonatal T cell development and early-life immune imprinting,” researchers from the University of Chicago have found that trans-vaccenic acid (TVA), the most abundant trans fatty acid in human breast milk, helps boost immune system development in mice. 

Nursing female mice that were fed a diet enriched with TVA passed the nutrient to their pups, leading to increased production of immune cells during early development. Genetic analyses showed that TVA exposure during breastfeeding reprogrammed immune cells to improve responses to pathogens. Mice that were nursed on TVA-enriched milk responded faster to infections with viruses or common bacteria, even into adulthood. 

“It’s common knowledge that breastfeeding is important for neonatal immune development and overall health, but breast milk is so complex that it seems almost impossible that one single molecule would be sufficient to change a baby’s immune development,” said Jing Chen, PhD, professor of medicine at UChicago and co-corresponding author on the study. “So, it was very surprising to see that during this crucial stage of development, one nutrient derived from the mother’s diet and delivered through breastfeeding has such a tremendous effect.” 

TVA is a long-chain fatty acid found in meat and dairy products from grazing animals such as cows and sheep. The human and mouse body must obtain TVA through diet.  

Pups who were nursed by mothers with a diet enriched with TVA demonstrated a broader and more effective immune cell population, particularly CD4+ T cells that are important for adaptive immunity. Mice raised on TVA-enriched breast milk responded more quickly and had higher survival rates when exposed to the flu virus or Salmonella. 

“We saw that only postnatal exposure to TVA through breastfeeding is important to train the neonatal T cells, and this can have long-lasting imprinting effects,” Chen said. “Even in adulthood, when we challenged the mice with influenza, the ones that were exposed to higher TVA levels during breastfeeding responded better when battling the infection.” 

The team also analyzed TVA levels in breast milk and blood samples from human nursing mothers and infants. They found that higher TVA levels in breast milk were closely linked to higher TVA levels in infants’ blood. In preterm infants, levels of circulating TVA correlated with similar shifts in immune responses seen in mice.

Higher TVA levels in human breast milk were also associated with reduced risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, a chronic inflammatory lung disease that affects premature infants with underdeveloped lungs and increased susceptibility to respiratory infection. 

Chen hopes for more research on the possibilities for supplementing diets with TVA during pregnancy and breastfeeding, or infant formula. The team will also investigate additional fatty acids and nutrients found in breast milk to understand their benefits. 

“There are close to 40 fatty acids in total in breast milk, along with hundreds of other components,” Chen said. “So, I think it’s safe for us to say that we believe there could be additional fatty acids and nutrients that can do something similar.” 

The post Breast Milk Fatty Acid Shapes Immune Development in Mice appeared first on GEN – Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology News.

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New webinar: Tackling drug discovery challenges in cancer research

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Cancer cells

Hosted by Drug Discovery World and supported by Sartorius and BioIVT, this webinar will explore the opportunities and challenges that exist within cancer research drug discovery and development.

You will hear from Dr Sudha Rao, Chief Scientific Officer of Kazia Therapeutics, Karol Budzik, PhD, Business Development Associate at Vyriad Therapeutics and Lars van der Veen, Chief Scientific Officer at iOnctura.

Presentations will cover how cancer treatments have shifted towards reprogramming the biology driving tumour growth, immune escape and treatment resistance, the trajectory that in vivo CAR-T treatments are taking, and how challenging tumours burdened by stroma and immune-mediated resistance can be tackled.

Q&A with the speakers follows the presentations.

Register for free now.

The post New webinar: Tackling drug discovery challenges in cancer research appeared first on Drug Discovery World (DDW).

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Psilocybin proves promising in neuropathic pain mouse study

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Amid the rise of psychedelics in the mental health space, researchers have begun to explore psilocybin as a treatment for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy.

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New Spectrometry Technique Could Aid Formulation Development

New Spectrometry Technique Could Aid Formulation Development

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A new technique combining two forms of spectrometry could help biopharmaceutical companies improve their choice of formulation buffer for antibody manufacturing by revealing how molecular forms and three-dimensional shapes of complex biologics respond to their environment. That’s the view of Christian Bleiholder, PhD, a professor at Florida State University who helped develop the technique.

According to Bleiholder, what happens structurally when a complex biological molecule, such as an antibody or viral spike protein, binds to its target is currently poorly understood.

“This is where [this approach] can help with the bioprocessing and formulation,” he says, as structural changes “can affect the lifespan [of the product] and lead to issues, such as aggregation.”

Because antibodies are complex, existing techniques tend to be powerful at different levels of complexity, he explains. Mass spectrometry is particularly powerful for distinguishing molecular composition, while structural approaches such as X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy can provide high-resolution structural information.

The challenge is understanding the link between these things within a heterogeneous sample, he says.

To overcome this, Bleiholder and his team worked with Bruker Daltonics to develop Tandem-Trapped Ion Mobility Spectrometry (Tandem-TIMS). This combines tandem ion mobility spectrometry with tandem mass spectrometry to disentangle three overlapping layers of molecular complexity: molecular form, three-dimensional shape, and binding or assembly state, he says.

He explains that, if the proteins have different structures, they can be characterized with tandem ion mobility spectrometry, and then mass spectrometry can be used to look at their molecular forms and binding states.

Going forward, Bleiholder hopes the technique can be used for formulation development but also earlier, during drug discovery of new products, such as multi-specific antibodies, to determine which molecular states are important and how those change when a biologic engages its target. He also plans to look at automating the technique.

Bleiholder spoke about using Tandem-TIMS at the Bioprocessing Summit in Boston earlier this year.

The post New Spectrometry Technique Could Aid Formulation Development appeared first on GEN – Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology News.

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